2012 Server R2 shuts down instead of restart

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CBHCMC

From routine online searching, I see that this problem has hit various people over the years: suddenly a 2012 R2 system will not restart, and instead shuts down when a restart is tried from within Windows.

In my case, the problem hit today after the system was automatically restarted by Windows Update, though the update history does not show anything installed with today's date. The last batch of updates installed have a date of August 14, though perhaps today's automatic (failed) restart was a result of Update losing patience waiting for a manual restart, and restarting to complete installation of the August 14 batch.

One of the items installed was "2019-08 Security Monthly Quality Rollup for Windows Server 2012 R2 for x64-based Systems (KB4512488)"

As an experiment, I tried installing an additional recommended update, Microsoft .NET Framework 4.8 for Windows Server 2012 R2 for x64 (KB4486105). It seemed to install OK, and requested a restart to complete. I restarted, but noticed that the dialog did not say "Update and restart" the way it usually would if there was an update partly installed. It just said restart. I selected that, and again the server shut down rather than restarting. After it was manually booted up, the Windows Update history indicated that KB4486105 installation was successful, though strangely the Windows Update log had the following entries at the moment of the restart that was really a shutdown:

2019-08-20 22:01:03:474 844 12c0 AU Initiating Install-at-shutdown
2019-08-20 22:01:03:474 844 12c0 Shutdwn Checking to see whether install at shutdown is appropriate
2019-08-20 22:01:03:474 844 12c0 Shutdwn user declined update at shutdown
2019-08-20 22:01:03:474 844 12c0 AU AU initiates service shutdown
2019-08-20 22:01:03:474 844 12c0 AU ########### AU: Uninitializing Automatic Updates ###########
2019-08-20 22:01:03:474 844 12c0 WuTask Uninit WU Task Manager
2019-08-20 22:01:04:724 844 1230 Agent * WARNING: Exit code = 0x8024000B
2019-08-20 22:01:04:724 844 1230 Agent *********
2019-08-20 22:01:04:724 844 1230 Agent ** END ** Agent: Finding updates [CallerId = AutomaticUpdates Id = 4]
2019-08-20 22:01:04:724 844 1230 Agent *************
2019-08-20 22:01:04:724 844 1230 Agent WARNING: WU client failed Searching for update with error 0x8024000b
2019-08-20 22:01:04:724 844 1230 IdleTmr WU operation (CSearchCall::Init ID 4, operation # 42820) stopped; does not use network; is at background priority
2019-08-20 22:01:04:740 844 12c0 Report CWERReporter finished handling 1 events. (00000000)
2019-08-20 22:01:04:740 844 12c0 AU Found invalid timer to remove:
2019-08-20 22:01:04:740 844 12c0 AU Timer: 31DA7559-FE27-4810-8FF6-987195B1FD98, Expires 2019-08-21 01:59:20, not idle-only, not network-only
2019-08-20 22:01:04:757 844 12c0 AU Earliest future timer found:
2019-08-20 22:01:04:757 844 12c0 AU Timer: 7971F918-A847-4430-9279-4A52D1EFE18D, Expires 2019-08-21 03:09:51, not idle-only, network-only
2019-08-20 22:01:04:866 844 12c0 AU Earliest future timer found:
2019-08-20 22:01:04:866 844 12c0 AU Timer: 29A863E7-8609-4D1E-B7CD-5668F857F1DB, Expires 2019-08-22 00:18:23, not idle-only, not network-only
2019-08-20 22:01:05:179 844 12c0 Service *********
2019-08-20 22:01:05:179 844 12c0 Service ** END ** Service: Service exit [Exit code = 0x240001]
2019-08-20 22:01:05:179 844 12c0 Service *************

And now the power dialog says "Update and restart" though it's not clear what updates might be pending.

The machine is a Dell PowerEdge R420. Any insights would be appreciated.

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