Issue with Windows services and apps after a restart to finish the update process - Windows 10 Pro x64

[aus73]

I've run across something on my personal PC that I've never had the misfortune of dealing with before. All the symptoms started after a reboot to allow Windows 10 Pro to finish installing updates today; so, my assumption is that it's a bad Windows 10 update as that's the only change. Here's the symptoms:

1. OneDrive stopped connecting. I originally couldn't even get the dashboard up to check the settings. I uninstalled it, then attempted to reinstall using the manual installation program from onedrive.com, but that's when I came across symptom #2 (see below). Once I was able to get OneDrive reinstalled, the dashboard and the settings came up. I was able to input my credentials, but it has now been spinning for over 2 hours with no sign in or sign in error.
2. File Explorer wasn't accessing files. At first, File Explorer wasn't even seeing the drives. I rebooted, and it was able to see the drives, but I couldn't get any files in a directory to enumerate and display so I could run the OneDrive installation file. I was finally able to use the CLI to install OneDrive, after which, File Explorer started functioning again. I'm assuming at this point the File Explorer error is corrected, but I think it may be symptomatic of the bigger issue.
3. The Windows 10 builtin mail app will not pull up all the way. When I attempt to open it, it starts to pull up. I get a giant blue window with the open envelope in the middle of the window, but nothing else happens. It just sits there.
4. The builtin Sketch-and-Snip tool locks up the PC. I attempted to grab screen snips to illustrate what I'm experiencing, but when i pull up the Sketch-and-Snip tool, I get as far as being able to click the New button. Once I do, the screen on both of my monitors are outlined in an olive green rectangle, and the PC 100% locks up. I have to use CTRL+ALT+DEL and log out then log back in before I can use the PC again.
5. Office 365 products are lagging on start up of the program (not Windows boot) by 30-90 seconds. I first noticed the issue with Outlook. When I opened it, it sat on Disconnected status for about 15-20 seconds before changing to Attempting to Contact status. It takes another 10-70 seconds for Outlook to connect to Exchange. I then attempted to use some of the other Office 365 Suite desktop apps (Word, Excel), and I found a longer-than-normal start time, but it doesn't appear to be a licensing issue as there is no licensing error that comes up.
6. All non-Microsoft services and apps work fine. Basically, and with the exception of Teams, if the service or app doesn't come from Microsoft, it's working fine.
7. There are discrepancies between what Settings=>Update & Security=>View update history says and what is displayed with the wmic qfe list brief /format:table displays. The GUI shows that both KB4576478 (cumulative update for .Net 3.5 and 4.8) and KB4571756 (cumulative update for Windows 10 Version 2004 for x64 systems) where installed on 17 SEPT 2020 but neither are displayed in the CLI.
8. wusa /uninstall /kb:4571756 throws an error. I attempted to uninstall KB4571756 via CLI thinking that was the most likely candidate for bad update. The error says that KB4571756 isn't installed.
9. A manual attempt to install KB4571756 failed. Thinking that KB4571756 may only be partially installed, I was able to get the x64 .msu downloaded from Microsoft and have the Windows Update service run it, but it threw an error. The error message said that it wasn't for my system.
10. Restoring is not an option. I attempted to revert to a point before the update reboot, but all restore points have been deleted. I use Acronis TrueImage to backup my PC, but even the recovery image on that service is corrupted/unusable.

Any help or guidance that can be given that doesn't include reinstalling Windows would be much appreciated, although I do realize that the reinstallation option may be my only recourse.

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